中文名：螺纹钢

Chinese Name: 螺纹钢

外文名：Screw Thread Steel / Hot Rolled Ribbed Bars

Foreign Name: Screw Thread Steel / Hot Rolled Ribbed Bars

全称：热轧带肋钢筋

Full Name: Hot Rolled Ribbed Bars

主要用途：房屋、桥梁、道路等土建工程建设，广泛用于基础设施及建筑结构的骨架材料

Main Uses: Construction of buildings, bridges, roads, and other civil engineering projects, widely used as the skeletal material for infrastructure and building structures.

一、定义与命名Section I: Definition and Nomenclature螺纹钢是热轧带肋钢筋的俗称，其牌号由HRB和屈服点最小值构成。HRB中的H、R、B分别代表英文“Hot rolled（热轧）”、“Ribbed（带肋）”、“Bars（钢筋）”。根据国家标准（如GB1499.2-2024），螺纹钢分为三个主要牌号： Screw Thread Steel is the common name for Hot Rolled Ribbed Bars. Its grade is composed of HRB and the minimum yield point value. HRB stands for "Hot rolled," "Ribbed," and "Bars." According to national standards (e.g., GB1499.2-2024), Screw Thread Steel is divided into three main grades:

● HRB400（屈服强度400MPa，常用牌号）

○ HRB400 (Yield strength 400MPa, commonly used grade)

● HRB500（屈服强度500MPa，高强度型）

○ HRB500 (Yield strength 500MPa, high-strength type)

● HRB600（屈服强度600MPa，超高强度型）

○ HRB600 (Yield strength 600MPa, ultra-high strength type)

牌号升级反映了钢材的强度性能，适应不同工程需求。 The grade upgrade reflects the strength performance of the steel and adapts to different engineering needs.

二、分类方法Section II: Classification Methods

1. 几何形状分类

○ 按横肋截面形状及间距分类，如英国标准BS4449分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型，主要反映握紧性能。

■ Classified by cross-sectional shape and spacing of ribs, e.g., British standard BS4449 divides into Type I and Type II, primarily reflecting gripping performance.

○ 常见横肋形状：螺旋形、人字形、月牙形（国产常见）。

■ Common rib shapes: Spiral, herringbone, crescent moon (common in domestic products).

2. 性能分类（强度等级）

○ 按屈服点和抗拉强度分级（如GB1499.2标准）。

■ Classified by yield point and tensile strength (e.g., GB1499.2 standard).

○ 日本JISG3112按综合性能分为5个种类；英国BS4461则规定性能试验等级。

■ Japan's JISG3112 classifies into 5 types based on comprehensive performance; British BS4461 specifies performance test grades.

3. 用途分类

○ 钢筋混凝土用普通钢筋；

■ Ordinary reinforcing bars for reinforced concrete.

○ 预应力钢筋混凝土用热处理钢筋等。

■ Heat-treated bars for prestressed reinforced concrete, etc.

三、行业标准（规格与质量）Section III: Industry Standards (Specifications and Quality)

1. 规格尺寸

○ 公称直径范围：6~50mm，常用直径如8、12、16、20、25、32mm等。

■ Nominal diameter range: 6~50mm, common diameters such as 8, 12, 16, 20, 25, 32mm, etc.

○ 供货长度：定尺（9m、12m为主），非定尺按合同要求。

■ Supply length: Fixed length (mainly 9m, 12m), non-fixed length as per contract requirements.

2. 外观与表面质量

○ 表面不得有裂纹、结疤、折叠等缺陷；

■ The surface shall not have cracks, scars, folds, or other defects.

○ 横肋几何设计需符合夹角、间距等规范（如夹角β≥45°，肋间距≤直径的0.7倍）。

■ The rib geometry design must meet specifications such as angle (β≥45°) and rib spacing (≤0.7 times the diameter).

3. 成分与性能检验

○ 化学成分：主要控制C、Mn、P、S、Si等元素含量，如C（0.10~0.40%）、Mn<1.80%等。

■ Chemical composition: Mainly control elements such as C, Mn, P, S, Si, e.g., C (0.10~0.40%), Mn <1.80%, etc.

○ 力学性能：需通过拉伸试验（抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率）、弯曲试验及反向弯曲试验。

■ Mechanical properties: Must pass tensile tests (tensile strength, yield strength, elongation), bending tests, and reverse bending tests.

○ 表面裂纹检测：弯曲180°后表面不得出现裂纹。

■ Surface crack detection: No cracks shall appear on the surface after 180° bending.

4. 标准号参考

○ 中国：GB1499.2-2024（最新修订版）、GB/T2101-2008等；

■ China: GB1499.2-2024 (latest revision), GB/T2101-2008, etc.

○ 国际标准：JISG3112（日本）、BS4449（英国）等。

■ International standards: JISG3112 (Japan), BS4449 (UK), etc.

四、生产工艺与生产分布Section IV: Production Process and Distribution

1. 生产工艺

○ 通过小型轧机（连续式、半连续式、横列式）生产，主流为全连续式轧机。

■ Produced by small rolling mills (continuous, semi-continuous, cross-row types), with the mainstream being fully continuous rolling mills.

○ 坯料为连铸小方坯（边长130~160mm），经加热、粗轧、中轧、精轧、水冷、剪切等工序成型。

■ The billet is a continuous casting small square billet (130~160mm side length), which is formed through processes such as heating, rough rolling, medium rolling, finish rolling, water cooling, and shearing.

○ 新技术：高压水除鳞、低温轧制、无头轧制等提升效率与精度。

■ New technologies: High-pressure water descaling, low-temperature rolling, headless rolling, etc., to improve efficiency and precision.

2. 生产分布

○ 中国是全球最大生产国，华东地区为最大产区（占比超40%），华北、中南次之。

■ China is the largest producer globally, with the华东region being the largest production area (over 40%), followed by华北and中南.

○ 生产分散，主要企业包括沙钢、唐钢、莱钢等，地方企业和民营企业占主导。

■ Production is decentralized, with major enterprises including Shagang, Tanggang, Laigang, etc., dominated by local and private enterprises.

五、市场现状与期货意义Section V: Market Status and Futures Significance

1. 市场特点

○ 中国钢材消费中建筑用钢占比约50%，螺纹钢占据重要份额。

■ Building steel accounts for about 50% of China's steel consumption, with Screw Thread Steel holding a significant share.

○ 受城镇化、基建投资驱动，需求持续增长，但产能过剩问题仍需关注。

■ Driven by urbanization and infrastructure investment, demand continues to grow, but overcapacity issues still need attention.

2. 期货意义

○ 螺纹钢期货（如上海期货交易所品种）为钢铁产业链提供套期保值工具，帮助企业管理价格风险。

■ Screw Thread Steel futures (e.g., products from the Shanghai Futures Exchange) provide hedging tools for the steel industry chain, helping enterprises manage price risks.

○ 促进钢铁行业稳定运行，优化产销策略，减少价格波动影响。

■ Promote stable operation of the steel industry, optimize production and sales strategies, and reduce the impact of price fluctuations.

六、应用案例与注意事项Section VI: Application Cases and Precautions

1. 应用领域

○ 大型工程：高速公路、铁路桥梁、隧道、水坝等；

■ Large projects: highways, railway bridges, tunnels, dams, etc.

○ 建筑结构：基础、梁、柱、墙体及楼板钢筋骨架。

■ Building structures: Foundations, beams, columns, wall and floor slab reinforcement skeletons.

2. 使用注意事项

○ 存储需防潮防锈，锈蚀会影响力学性能；

■ Storage requires moisture and rust prevention, as rusting affects mechanical properties.

○ 进口或仓储时需保留炉号、批号标记，便于质量追溯；

■ Import or storage requires retention of furnace numbers and batch numbers for quality traceability.

○ 施工时需符合设计规范，确保绑扎与混凝土握裹力。

■ During construction, comply with design specifications to ensure binding and concrete gripping force.

七、历史与政策影响Section VII: History and Policy Impact

● 过去曾面临产能过剩、原料价格波动（如铁矿）及国际贸易摩擦（如澳大利亚反倾销调查，2015年案例）。

○ In the past, faced issues such as overcapacity, raw material price fluctuations (e.g., iron ore), and international trade frictions (e.g., Australia's anti-dumping investigation in 2015).

● 政策调控通过环保标准、产能整合推动行业高质量发展。

○ Policy regulation has promoted high-quality industry development through environmental protection standards and capacity integration.

八、结语Section VIII: Conclusion螺纹钢作为基础建设的关键材料，其标准化生产、性能提升及期货工具的应用，支撑着现代建筑与基础设施的安全性与经济性。随着技术进步与市场需求演变，螺纹钢将继续在土木工程中发挥核心作用。 As a key material for infrastructure construction, Screw Thread Steel, with its standardized production, improved performance, and application of futures tools, supports the safety and economy of modern buildings and infrastructure. With technological advancements and evolving market demands, Screw Thread Steel will continue to play a central role in civil engineering.

参考资料：GB1499.2国家标准、相关行业报告及期货市场数据。References: GB1499.2 national standards, relevant industry reports, and futures market data.更新日期：2025年6月（注：部分数据可能随行业政策或标准修订而更新）Update Date: June 2025 (Note: Some data may be updated with industry policies or standard revisions)

编制说明：本报告综合公开资料整理，供学术、工程及贸易参考，具体应用请结合最新标准与规范执行。Compilation Note: This report is compiled from publicly available information for academic, engineering, and trade reference. Specific applications should be executed in accordance with the latest standards and specifications.

提示：如需更详细的技术参数或最新市场数据，建议查阅权威机构发布的行业标准或行业研究报告。Note: For more detailed technical parameters or the latest market data, it is recommended to consult industry standards or research reports published by authoritative institutions.